Biodiesel feedstock sources

Tetraselmis suecica is a marine green alga . It grows as single, motile cells visible under light microscope up to concentrations over one million cells per milliliter. It can be grown as a foodstock in aquaculture, being able to species such as rotifers of the genus Brachionus . It is a motile chlorophyte and contains a high lipid content.

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Tetraselmis is a marine unicellular algae.

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The SERI microalgae culture collection was a collection from the Department of Energy’s Aquatic Species Program Cataloged at the Solar Energy Research Institute located in Golden, Colorado . The Aquatic Species Program ended in 1996 after its funding was cut, to which point its microalgae collection was moved to the University of Hawaii. In 1998 the University of Hawaii, partnered with the University of California at Berkeley, received a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), for their proposal to develop commercial, medical, and industrial uses of microalgae, as well as more efficient techniques for cultivation. This grant was used to form Marine Bioproduct Engineering Center (MarBEC), a facility operating within the University of Hawaii at Manoa, but connected to corporate interests.

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Scenedesmus dimorphus is a freshwater unicellular green algae in the class Chlorophyceae . The name means “having two forms”. ^[2]

Prymnesium parvum is a species of haptophytes (= Prymnesiophyta). The species is of concern because of its ability to produce a toxin, prymnesin . It is a flagellated algae that is normally found suspended in the water column. It was first identified in North America in 1985 and was artificially (eg, invasive species or missed in previous surveys). Toxin production mainly kills fish and appears to have little effect on cattle or humans. This distinguishes it from red tide , which are algal bloom whose toxins lead to harmful effects in people. Although no harmful effects are known, it is recommended to consume dead or dying fish exposed to a P. parvumbloom. Prymnesium parvum of Haptophyta is sometimes termed a golden algae or a golden brown algae. Chrysophyceae of Heterokontophyta but the taxonomy of algae is under complex revision leading to contradictions in terms of non-scholarly texts such as those of state wildlife departments.

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Pleurochrysis carterae is a marine species of unicellular coccolithophorid algae that has the ability to calcify subcellularly. They produce calcified scales, known as coccoliths, which are deposited on the surface of the cell resulting in the formation of a coccosphere. Pleurochrysis carterae produce heterococcoliths which are composed of crystal units of variable shapes and sizes.

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Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a diatom . It is the only species in the genus Phaeodactylum . Unlike other diatoms P. tricornutum can exist in different morphotypes ( fusiform , triradiate, and oval), and exchange in cell shape can be stimulated by environmental conditions. ^[1] This feature can be used to explore the molecular basis of cell shape control and morphogenesis. Unlike most diatoms P. tricornutum can grow in the absence of silicon, and it can survive without making silicified frustules. This provides opportunities for experimental exploration of silicon-based nanofabrication in diatoms.

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Neochloris oleoabundans is a microalga belonging to the class Chlorophyceae . Due to its high lipid content, it has been considered as a candidate organism for cosmetics ^[1] and biofuelproduction, ^[2] as well as feedstock for freshwater mussels . ^[3]

Neochloris was first isolated from a sand dune in Saudi Arabia by S. Chantanachat sometime between 1958-1962. ^[4]

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Isochrysis galbana is a species of haptophytes. It is the species species of the genus Isochrysis . It is an outstanding food for various bivalve larvae. and is now widely cultured for use in the bivalve aquaculture industry. ^[1] This unicellular is investigated for its high amount of Fucoxanthin (18.23 mg / g dried sample). ^[2] The Isochrysis galbana extract is said to have some cosmetic and hair-growth properties when using hexane , ethyl acetate , ethanol , water , methanol , goldisopropanol as extractants . ^[3]

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Expeller pressing (also called Expired oil pressing ) is a mechanical method for extracting oil from raw materials trademarked by Anderson International Corp. Mr. Valerius D. Anderson founded the Anderson VD Company in Cleveland, Ohio in 1888. In 1900, Mr. VD Anderson created the first successful ever-operated Expeller press. ^[1] The raw materials are squeezed under high pressure in a single step. When used for the extraction of food oils, nuts , seeds and algae, which are supplied to the press in a continuous feed. As the raw material is pressed, friction causes it to heat up; in the case of harder nuts, which can be found at 120 ° F (49 ° C).

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Botryococcus braunii (Bb) is a green, pyramid-shaped planktonic microalga that is of potential importance in the field of biotechnology . Colonies held together by a lipid biofilm matrix can be found in tropical gold or oligotrophic lakes and estuaries, and will bloom when in the presence of elevated levels of inorganic dissolved phosphorus. The species is notable for its ability to produce high amounts of hydrocarbons , especially in the form of triterpenes , which are typically around 30-40% of their dry weight. ^[1]Compared to other green algae species it has a relatively thick cell wall that is accumulated from previous cellular divisions; making of cytoplasmic components rather difficult. Fortunately, much of the useful hydrocarbon oil is outside of the cell. ^[2]

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Algal nutrient solutions are made of a mixture of chemical salts and water. Nutritional solutions, along with carbon dioxide and light, provide the materials needed for growing to. Nutrient solutions, as opposed to fertilizers, are designed specifically for use in aquatic environments and their composition is much more accurate.

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Algae fuel , algal biofuel , or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. ^[1] [2] Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable. ^[3] Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases CO ₂ when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only release CO ₂recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew. The energy crisis and the world food crisis -have ignited interest in algaculture (farming algae) for making biodiesel and other biofuels using Unsuitable land for agriculture. Among algal fuels’ attractive characteristics are That They Can be grown with minimal impact is fresh water resources, ^[4] [5] Can Be Produced using saline and wastewater ,-have a high flash points , ^[6] and are biodegradable and Relatively harmless to the environment if spilled. ^[7] [8]Algae cost more per unit mass than other second-generation biofuel crops due to high capital and operating costs, ^[9] but is claimed to yield between 10 and 100 times more fuel per unit area. ^[10] The United States Department of Energy estimates that if it were algae fueled in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles (39,000 km ² ), which is only 0.42% of the US map, ^[11] or about half of the land area of Maine . This is less than ¹ / ₇ the area of corn harvested in the United States in 2000. ^[12]

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