Hemp oil

Hemp oil or hempseed oil is obtained by pressing hemp seeds. Cold pressed, unheated oil with a nutty flavor. The darker the color, the grassier the flavor. It should not be confused with hash oil , a tetrahydrocannabinol-containing oil made from the Cannabis flower, hailed by some [1] for its medicinal qualities. [2]

 

Description

Refined hempseed oil is clear and colorless, with little flavor and lacks natural vitamins and antioxidants. Refined hempseed oil is primarily used in body care products. Industrial hempseed oil is used in lubricants, paints, inks, fuel, and plastics. Hempseed oil has been found in the production of soaps, shampoos and detergents. The oil is of high nutritional value Because of ict 3: 1 ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 essential fatty acids , [3] qui matches the scale required by the human body. [4] It has also received attention in recent years as a possible feedstock for the large-scale production of biodiesel . [5] [6]There are a number of organizations that promote the production and use of hempseed oil. [7]

Manufacture

Hempseed oil is Manufactured from varieties of Cannabis sativa That do not Contain significant water equivalent of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive element present in the cannabis plant. This manufacturing process typically includes cleaning the seed to 99.99% before pressing the oil. There is no THC within the hempseed, although traces amounts of THC can be found when the plant adheres to the seed surface during manufacturing. The modern production of hempseed oil, particularly in Canada, has successfully lowered THC values ​​since 1998. [8]THC levels in the range of 4 ppm (parts per million, or 4 mg / kg). Legal limit for THC content in foodstuffs in Canada is 10 ppm [ citation needed ] . Some European countries have limits of 5ppm or none-detected, some countries do not have such limits at all.

Nutrition

Main article: Hemp

About 30-35% of the weight of hempseed is an edible oil That contains about 80% as essential fatty acids (EFAs) ie, linoleic acid , omega-6 (LA, 55%), alpha-linolenic acid , omega-3 (ALA, 22%), in addition to gamma-linolenic acid , omega-6 (GLA, 1-4%) and stearidonic acid , omega-3 (SDA, 0-2%).

The proportions of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in one of the tablespoon per day (15 ml) of hempseed easily provides daily requirements for EFAs [ citation needed ] . Advocates of hempseed oil hold unlike flaxseed oil, hempseed oil may be used in an EFAs process. This study has been shown in a small clinical study of 14 people, where the daily intake of flaxseed oil “resulted in a higher proportion of ALA” in serum cholesteryl esters and triglycerides as compared with ingestion of hempseed oil. However, the effects of both lipids and lipids have been shown to be greater than those of the ingested serum, and the conclusion of “only minor effects on concentrations of fasting serum total gold lipoprotein lipid”. [9]

In common with other oils, hempseed oil provides 9 kcal / g. Compared with other culinary oils it is low in saturated fatty acids. [10]

Highly unsaturated oils, and especially poor quality oils, which can not be properly stored; ie, in a cool / cold, dark place, preferably in a dark glass bottle. Hempseed oil can be frozen for longer periods of storage time. Preservatives ( antioxidants ) are not necessary for high-quality oils that are stored properly.

Hempseed oil has a relatively low smoke point and is not suitable for frying. Hempseed oil is primarily used as a food oil and dietary supplement, and has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema [11]

Comparison to other vegetable oils

Vegetable oils [12] [13]
Type Processing
Treatment		 Saturated
fatty acids		 Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Smoke point
Total mono [12] Oleic acid
(ω-9)		 Total poly [12] linolenic acid
(ω-3)		 Linoleic acid
(ω-6)
Avocado [14] 11.6 70.6 13.5 1 12.5 249 ° C (480 ° F) [15]
Canola [16] 7.4 63.3 61.8 28.1 9.1 18.6 238 ° C (460 ° F) [17]
Coconut [18] 82.5 6.3 6 1.7 175 ° C (347 ° F) [17]
Corn [19] 12.9 27.6 27.3 54.7 1 58 232 ° C (450 ° F) [20]
Cottonseed [21] 25.9 17.8 19 51.9 1 54 216 ° C (420 ° F) [20]
Flaxseed / Linseed [22] 9.0 18.4 18 67.8 53 13 107 ° C (225 ° F)
Hempseed [23] 7.0 9.0 9.0 82.0 22.0 54.0 166 ° C (330 ° F) [24]
Olive [25] 13.8 73.0 71.3 10.5 0.7 9.8 193 ° C (380 ° F) [17]
Palm [26] 49.3 37.0 40 9.3 0.2 9.1 235 ° C (455 ° F)
Peanut [27] 20.3 48.1 46.5 31.5 31.4 232 ° C (450 ° F) [20]
Safflower [28] 7.5 75.2 75.2 12.8 0 12.8 212 ° C (414 ° F) [17]
Soybean [29] 15.6 22.8 22.6 57.7 7 51 238 ° C (460 ° F) [20]
Sunflower (<60% linoleic) [30] 10.1 45.4 45.3 40.1 0.2 39.8 227 ° C (440 ° F) [20]
Sunflower (> 70% oleic) [31] 9.9 83.7 82.6 3.8 0.2 3.6 227 ° C (440 ° F) [20]
Cottonseed [32] hydrogenated 93.6 1.5 0.6 0.3
Palm [33] hydrogenated 88.2 5.7 0
Soybean [34] Partially hydrogenated 14.9 43.0 42.5 37.6 2.6 34.9
Values ​​as percent (%) by weight of total fat.

Wood finish

Hemp oil is a ” drying oil “, as it can polymerize into a solid form. Due to its polymer-forming properties, it is used on its own or blended with other oils, resins, and solvents as an impregnator and varnish in wood finishing, as a pigment binder in oil paints , and as a plasticizer and hardener in putty . It has uses similar to linseed oil and similar characteristics to tung oil . [35]

See also

  • Cannabis (drug)
  • Cannabis flower essential oil
  • Hemp plastic
  • Vegetable oil

References

  1. Jump up^ “THC, Laboratory / Animal / Preclinical Studies, Anti-tumor Effects” . National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health . April 2014 . Retrieved April 3, 2014 .
  2. Jump up^ “Hemp-Oil Medicine” . High Times . November 2013. Archived fromthe original on December 12, 2013 . Retrieved December 7, 2013 .
  3. Jump up^ Callaway, JC (2004). “Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview” . Euphytica . 140 : 65-72. doi : 10.1007 / s10681-004-4811-6. Retrieved 20 January 2014 .
  4. Jump up^ “Hemp Oil” . InnVista. November 2005. Archived from the original on September 17, 2012 . Retrieved November 18, 2006 .
  5. Jump up^ Agua Das (November 16, 1997). “Oil Fuels Hemp & How to Make Them” . HempFarm.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006 . Retrieved November 18, 2006 .
  6. Jump up^ seeSoybean Car
  7. Jump up^ “Hemp Farm” . Retrieved November 18, 2006 .
  8. Jump up^ Holler JM, et al (2008) delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Content of Commercially Available Hemp Products. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 32: 428-432
  9. Jump up^ Schwab, US; Callaway, JC; Erkkilä, AT; Gynther, J; Uusitupa, MI; Järvinen, T (2006). “Effects of hempseed and flaxseed on serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors”. European Journal of Nutrition . 45 (8): 470-7. doi : 10.1007 / s00394-006-0621-z . PMID 17103080 .
  10. Jump up^ King’s College Review of Nutritional Attributes of Cold Pressed Hemp Oil Seed ArchivedFebruary 26, 2009, at theWayback Machine.
  11. Jump up^ Callaway, J .; Schwab, U .; Harvima, I .; Halonen, P .; Mykkänen, O .; Hyvönen, P .; Järvinen, T. (2005). “Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis”. Journal of Dermatological Treatment . 16(2): 87-94. doi : 10.1080 / 09546630510035832 . PMID 16019622 .
  12. ^ Jump up to:a b c “US National Nutrient Database, Release 28” . United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016. All values ​​in this column are from the USDA Nutrient database unless otherwise cited.
  13. Jump up^ “Fats and fatty acids contents per 100 g (click for” more details “) example: avocado oil, user can search for other oils” . Nutritiondata.com, Conde Nast for the USDA National Nutrient Database, Standard Release 21. 2014 . Retrieved 7 September 2017 . Values ​​from Nutritiondata.com (SR 21) can be reconciled with most recent release from the USDA SR 28 as of Sept 2017.
  14. Jump up^ “Avocado oil, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  15. Jump up^ What is an unrefined, extra cold cold-pressed avocado oil? , The American Oil Chemists’ Society
  16. Jump up^ “Canola oil, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Katragadda, HR; Fullana, AS; Sidhu, S .; Carbonell-Barrachina, Á. A. (2010). “Emissions of volatile aldehydes from heated cooking oils” . Food Chemistry . 120 : 59. doi : 10.1016 / j.foodchem.2009.09.070 .
  18. Jump up^ “Coconut oil, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  19. Jump up^ “Corn oil, industrial and retail, all-purpose salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  20. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Wolke, Robert L. (May 16, 2007). “Where There’s Smoke, There’s a Fryer” . The Washington Post . Retrieved March 5, 2011 .
  21. Jump up^ “Cottonseed oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  22. Jump up^ “Linseed / Flaxseed oil, cold pressed, fat composition, 100g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  23. Jump up^ “Efficacy of dietary hempseed oil in patients with atopic dermatitis” . Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2005 . Retrieved 25 October 2017 .
  24. Jump up^ https://www.veghealth.com/nutrition-tables/Smoke-Points-of-Oil-table.pdf
  25. Jump up^ “Olive oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  26. Jump up^ “Palm oil, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  27. Jump up^ Vegetable Oils in Food Technology (2011), p. 61.
  28. Jump up^ “Safflower oil, salad or cooking, high oleic, primary trade, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  29. Jump up^ “soy oil, salad or cooking, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  30. Jump up^ “Sunflower oil, less than 60% of total fats as linoleic acid, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  31. Jump up^ “Sunflower oil, high oleic – 70% or more as oleic acid, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  32. Jump up^ “Cottonseed oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, fat composition, 100 g”. US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  33. Jump up^ “Palm oil, industrial, fully hydrogenated, fat filling, fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  34. Jump up^ “Soybean oil, salad or cooking, (partially hydrogenated), fat composition, 100 g” . US National Nutrient Database, Release 28, United States Department of Agriculture. May 2016 . Retrieved 6 September 2017 .
  35. Jump up^ http://badger-canoe-paddles.blogspot.ca/2011/06/badger-wood-oil-why-hemp.html